Аннотация: Данные об экономике и государственном устройстве Ливии, скопированные из CIA World Factbook 2011.
Данные об экономике и государственном устройстве Ливии, скопированные из CIA World Factbook 2011. Основная цель данного файла - иметь под рукой, через 3-4 года, материал для сравнения этой страны под управлением "исчадия ада" Каддафи (т.е. до весны 2011 года) и её же под управлением неведомой "революционной оппозиции". Иракский и постсоветский опыт показывают, что, через несколько лет после воцарения прозападного режима, "дореволюционные" показатели начинают смотреться настолько неправдоподобно хорошо, что поневоле хочется проверить самого себя, не изменила ли мне память, и вправду ли Валовой Внутренний Продукт, скажем, уполовинился за последние полдесятилетия. Чтобы не было подобных сомнений - я делаю эту копию.
People and Society:
Nationality:
noun: Libyan(s)
adjective: Libyan
Ethnic groups:
Berber and Arab 97%, other 3% (includes Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, and Tunisians)
Religions:
Sunni Muslim (official) 97%, other 3%
Languages:
Arabic (official), Italian, English
note: all are widely understood in the major cities
The Libyan economy depends primarily upon revenues from the oil sector, which contribute about 95% of export earnings, 25% of GDP, and 80% of government revenue. The weakness in world hydrocarbon prices in 2009 reduced Libyan government tax income and constrained economic growth. Substantial revenues from the energy sector coupled with a small population give Libya one of the highest per capita GDPs in Africa, but little of this income flows down to the lower orders of society. Libyan officials in the past five years have made progress on economic reforms as part of a broader campaign to reintegrate the country into the international fold. This effort picked up steam after UN sanctions were lifted in September 2003 and as Libya announced in December 2003 that it would abandon programs to build weapons of mass destruction. The process of lifting US unilateral sanctions began in the spring of 2004; all sanctions were removed by June 2006, helping Libya attract greater foreign direct investment, especially in the energy sector. Libyan oil and gas licensing rounds continue to draw high international interest; the National Oil Corporation (NOC) set a goal of nearly doubling oil production to 3 million bbl/day by 2012. In November 2009, the NOC announced that that target may slip to as late as 2017. Libya faces a long road ahead in liberalizing the socialist-oriented economy, but initial steps - including applying for WTO membership, reducing some subsidies, and announcing plans for privatization - are laying the groundwork for a transition to a more market-based economy. The non-oil manufacturing and construction sectors, which account for more than 20% of GDP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products to include the production of petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit agricultural output, and Libya imports about 75% of its food. Libya's primary agricultural water source remains the Great Manmade River Project, but significant resources are being invested in desalinization research to meet growing water demands.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$90.57 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 74
$86.95 billion (2009 est.)
$89.01 billion (2008 est.)
note: data are in 2010 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
$74.23 billion (2010 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
4.2% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
-2.3% (2009 est.)
2.3% (2008 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$14,000 (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 82
$13,700 (2009 est.)
$14,400 (2008 est.)
note: data are in 2010 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 2.6%
industry: 62.9%
services: 34.6% (2010 est.)
Labor force:
1.729 million (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 124
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 17%
industry: 23%
services: 59% (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate:
30% (2004 est.)
country comparison to the world: 176
Population below poverty line:
NA
note: About one-third of Libyans live at or below the national poverty line
Household income or consumption by percentage share: