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Зарубин Александр : другие произведения.

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Размещен: 25/09/2014, изменен: 25/03/2015. 5k. Статистика.

Аннотация:

Вот такая жизнь. Как в сказке. Старой доброй сказке с "и жили они долго и счастливо". Только почему-то "долго и счастливо" оказалось в середине, а не там где ей положено быть.

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29. Зарубин Александр 2016/08/09 22:49 [ответить]
  > > 28.Рубцова Дарья
  >Класс. Удаются вам авантюрные вещи)

  Спасибо. Ну тут почти буквальное изложение биографии. Почти, я в начале серьёзно напутал.

28. Рубцова Дарья (dariarubtsova@gmail.com) 2016/08/09 21:23 [ответить]
Класс. Удаются вам авантюрные вещи)

27. Зарубин Александр 2015/07/24 22:45 [ответить]
Спасибо

26. Макс (EdwardIII@yandex.ru) 2015/07/22 17:03 [ответить]
  Read, Mary (c.1695–1721), pirate,
  was born in England, according to the account of her early life in Captain Charles Johnson's History of the ... Pyrates. Her mother had married a sailor named Read and had a son, but the sailor disappeared, leaving her on her own. She had an affair and became pregnant again. To conceal her condition she left her husband's relatives and went to stay with friends in the country, where she gave birth to Mary Read. Some time later the son died and she decided to pass her daughter off as her son and to ask her wealthy mother-in-law for financial assistance. Mary was dressed as a boy and the mother-in-law agreed to provide a crown a week towards the child's maintenance. When the old woman died Mary was thirteen, and was sent to work as a foot-boy for a French lady. However, she tired of this menial life and, ‘growing strong and having also a roving mind’ (Johnson, 119), she went across to Flanders and joined a foot regiment as a cadet. She fought in several engagements and then fell in love with a handsome young Flemish soldier in her regiment. She revealed to him that she was a woman and they subsequently married, left the army, and set themselves up as proprietors of the Three Horse Shoes, an eating-house near Breda. Her husband died soon after this and Mary decided to assume men's clothing again and seek her fortune elsewhere.

  After a brief spell in the army Mary Read boarded a ship and sailed to the West Indies. Her ship was captured by English pirates and she was persuaded to join their crew. In September 1717 a proclamation was issued in the name of George I that declared that any pirates who surrendered themselves should be pardoned. The crew of Mary's ship decided to take advantage of the pardon and made their way to Nassau, in the Bahamas. There Mary met up with a group of pirates led by Captain John Rackam, otherwise known as Calico Jack. One of the members of his crew was Anne Bonny, who, like Mary Read, was dressed as a man. Anne Bonny took such a liking to the handsome Mary Read that she let her know that she was a woman and was greatly disappointed when Mary admitted that she too was a woman. Considering how few women went to sea at that period it is extraordinary that two female pirates should have ended up on the same ship, but their subsequent pirating exploits are borne out by a number of documents. These include the transcript of their trial in Jamaica and a proclamation that was issued by Captain Woodes Rogers, the governor of the Bahamas, on 5 September 1720, in which he announced that John Rackam, several men, ‘and two Women, by name Ann Fulford alias Bonny, & Mary Read’ had stolen a 12 ton sloop from the harbour at Providence, had committed robbery and piracy, and ‘are hereby proclaimed Pirates and Enemies to the Crown of Great Britain’ (Boston Gazette). Towards the end of October 1720 Calico Jack and his crew were intercepted off the coast of Jamaica by an armed merchant ship. After a brief fight in which the two women put up a spirited resistance the pirates were captured and taken ashore to Spanish Town for trial. Rackam and the men were found guilty and hanged. A separate trial of the women took place on 28 November, and they too were found guilty of piracy and condemned to death. However, ‘the prisoners informed the Court that they were both quick with child and prayed that execution of sentence might be stayed’ (Tryals of Captain John Rackam, 19). When examined they both proved to be pregnant and thus escaped the death penalty. Mary Read died a few months later, in prison; the parish registers of the Jamaican district of St Catherine record that she was buried on 28 April 1721.

  DAVID CORDINGLY

  Sources C. Johnson, A general history of the robberies and murders of the most notorious pyrates (1724) · The tryals of Captain John Rackam and other pirates, transcript of trial, printed in Jamaica by Robert Baldwin, 1721, TNA: PRO, CO.137/14 · Boston Gazette (10–17 Oct 1720) · D. Cordingly, Life among the pirates: the romance and the reality (1995) · M. Rediker, ‘Liberty beneath the Jolly Roger’, Iron men and wooden women, ed. M. Creighton and L. Norling (1996) · parish register, Jamaica, St Catherine burial
  Likenesses engravings (Mary Read and Anne Bonny), repro. in Johnson, A general history

  David Cordingly, ‘Read, Mary (c.1695–1721)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2008

25. Макс (EdwardIII@yandex.ru) 2015/07/22 17:00 [ответить]
  Barry, James (c.1799-–1865), army medical officer and transvestite, was probably born Margaret, the youngest daughter of Mrs Mary Ann Bulkley or Bulkeley, the sister of the artist James Barry; her paternity is in doubt. From the age of ten she dressed and presented herself as a man, but the woman who laid out her corpse declared that she was female: ‘The Devil, a General,’ said the attendant. ‘It's a woman. And a woman that has had a child’ (Rose, 12).

  The precocity and studiousness of the young Barry impressed several of the influential friends and supporters of her uncle, James Barry. These included the Latin American exile General Francisco de Miranda and David Steuart Erskine, eleventh earl of Buchan, to both of whom at various times Barry's paternity has been attributed. Miranda allowed Barry the free run of his extensive library. In December 1809 Mrs Bulkley settled in Edinburgh with ‘James Barry’, aged ten, who matriculated as a literary and medical student at the university. After a year Mrs Bulkley returned to London, leaving Barry under the protection of Lord Buchan. Barry was a figure of fun to the other students, being under 5 feet tall, slight, and ‘apparently of delicate constitution ... vain and ... frivolous, yet was prompt to resent an offence’ (Medical Times and Gazette, 1865). She invariably wore a long ‘surtout’ or overcoat. She not only took the mandatory courses but also studied midwifery under James Hamilton and anatomical dissection with Andrew Fyfe. The senate of the university sought to prevent her presenting her thesis ‘De merocele, vel, Hernia crurati’ (On hernia of the groin) on grounds of her youth, but Lord Buchan pointed out that the regulations did not specify any age limitations, and she was allowed to proceed. She was awarded her MD in 1812. The thesis was dedicated to Miranda and Buchan.

  Thus Barry became not only the youngest but technically the first woman in Great Britain to graduate in medicine, an honour usually accorded to Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, who graduated in 1865, the year of Barry's death. In October 1812 Barry moved to London as a pupil dresser at St Thomas's Hospital, and was apprenticed to the surgeon Sir Astley Cooper. Having walked the wards, she decided to join the army, and on 15 July 1813 she was gazetted as a hospital assistant, the most junior medical commissioned rank, and was posted to the hospital of the Plymouth garrison. She was promoted to assistant surgeon on 17 December 1815, and the following year was posted to Cape Town.

  Barry arrived in the Cape in August 1816 with letters of introduction (including one from Lord Buchan) to the governor, Lord Charles Somerset. She quickly established herself as a family friend and confidante, and in 1817 was appointed physician to the governor's household. Lord Charles was a handsome widower, and there was later a scurrilous scandal—premised on the belief that Barry was a man—about their relationship. In 1818 she made a petulant remark, possibly motivated by jealousy, about the governor and a lady visitor, in the presence of Somerset's aide-de-camp, Captain Cloete. Cloete demanded a retraction, and when Barry refused they fought a duel in which neither was harmed. During the winter of 1819 Barry paid a largely undocumented visit to the island of Mauritius. It has been suggested that Somerset had discovered her sex and she had become pregnant, withdrawing to Mauritius to give birth in secret. There was at that time an epidemic of cholera on the island, but it is unlikely that news of it could have reached Cape Town before Barry's departure for Mauritius.

  In March 1822 Barry was appointed colonial medical inspector by Somerset but she resisted his suggestion that she should leave the army, and remained on half pay. On 25 July 1826 she performed a caesarean section on the wife of Thomas Munick, a wealthy snuff merchant in Cape Town, and both mother and son flourished. The first recorded success of such an operation was in Zürich in 1818, and it was not until 1833 that the operation was performed in Great Britain with both mother and child surviving. James Hamilton, Barry's teacher in Edinburgh, had made two unsuccessful attempts at the operation in the first decade of the century and described the procedures to his students; Barry, as ever, kept detailed notes. Barry was promoted to staff surgeon in November 1827, and in October 1828 she took up an appointment in Mauritius.

  Although Barry had spent the winter of 1819 in Mauritius, the governor, Sir Charles Colville, observed that she had no previous acquaintance with the island, demonstrating that her earlier visit had not become common knowledge. On 27 August 1829 she sailed for England, without leave, probably having received news that Lord Charles Somerset was seriously ill. Called to account for her unauthorized visit by the head of the army medical department, she apparently said, ‘I was fed up with my hair and wanted a proper haircut’ (Francis, 210). She attended on Lord Charles and he appeared to make a complete recovery, but died in February 1831. Barry attended the funeral before sailing for Jamaica, where she had been appointed staff surgeon. She arrived there on 13 June 1831, although her original orders had been dated 20 January 1830: it seems likely that Lord Fitzroy Somerset (later Lord Raglan), who was then military secretary, had secured the repeated delays in the interests of his brother.

  Barry remained in Jamaica until 1836, and her next posting was to St Helena; she returned home under a cloud in March 1838 and was court-martialled for ‘conduct unbecoming’—she had criticized her fellow officers. She was exonerated and posted to the Windward and Leeward garrison, where she was appointed principal medical officer in 1842. After a bout of yellow fever she was invalided home for a year in December 1845 until being posted to Malta in November 1846. She served there for four and a half years, and then moved on to Corfu in 1851. In April 1851 she was promoted to deputy inspector-general of hospitals.

  On the outbreak of the Crimean War she applied for a posting to the Crimea, but was rejected on grounds of her seniority. She appealed personally to Lord Raglan, and 462 wounded men from the Crimea were sent to Corfu for medical treatment; under her care they achieved a high recovery rate. In 1855 Barry spent her three-month leave with the 4th division before Sevastopol. There she met and chastised Florence Nightingale, who wrote after Barry's death to her sister, ‘I never had such a blackguard rating in my life—I who have had more than any woman—than from Barry sitting on a horse ... I should say she was the most hardened creature I ever met throughout the army’ (Nightingale MSS, Wellcome L.).

  In November 1857 Barry was posted to Canada with the local rank of inspector-general. She was confirmed in the rank of inspector-general of hospitals in 1858. After years in the tropics the Canadian climate led to chronic bronchitis, and, following a severe bout of influenza, she was invalided home in May 1859. She was retired on half pay shortly after her arrival in England.

  Wherever Barry served there was immense respect for her medical skills, but her lack of diplomacy inevitably resulted in conflict with colleagues and authorities. She invariably championed the neglected and oppressed of any race or station in life. Prisons, leper colonies, and indigent patients always received her attention, and she never accepted fees for her private practice. Her appearance always attracted attention, for she was tiny, with small, soft hands, and a high squeaky voice; her flamboyant dress added to the impression of effeminacy. In every posting suspicion arose regarding either her gender or sexuality, but she behaved flirtatiously with attractive women, and at least one husband suspected her of paying improper attentions to his wife. Her querulousness and bizarre behaviour never detracted from her acceptance as a physician: Lord Charles Somerset described her as the ‘most skilful of physicians and most wayward of men’ (Albemarle, 2.96). Elsewhere, she is described as an infinitely generous and patient doctor, a passionate termagant, shrilling at authority and making enemies everywhere (Rose, 134).

  Barry died on 25 July 1865 in lodgings at 14 Margaret Street, Cavendish Square, London. The death certificate gives Barry's sex as male, but it was signed by a Dr McKinnon, who had long known Barry and felt no need to carry out an intimate examination. Barry was buried as she had lived, as a man, in Kensal Green cemetery, after a service in St Paul's Cathedral. No London newspaper carried her obituary, but on 14 August 1865 a Dublin paper, Saunder's News-Letter and Daily Advertiser, published an account entitled ‘A female army combatant’; the Manchester Guardian carried the story on 21 August, and in Cumberland, where she had been a frequent visitor, the Whitehaven News gave a sympathetic account of the scandal on 24 August. The deputy inspector of hospitals, Edward Bradford, commented that: ‘The stories which have circulated since Barry's death are too absurd to require serious refutation’ (‘The reputed female army surgeon’, Medical Times and Gazette, 2 1865, 249), but the rumours persisted. The registrar-general requested clarification of the gender of the deceased, but Dr McKinnon replied that he had not examined the body ‘as I could positively swear to the identity of the body as being that of a person whom I had been acquainted with as Inspector General of Hospitals for a period of eight or nine years’; moreover, he added ‘whether Dr Barry was male, female or hermaphrodite I do not know’ (Royal Army Medical College MSS, Wellcome L.).

  Barry's origins and motives remain a mystery, but she was a passionate reformer and pioneer whose achievements in medicine have been obscured by her lifelong masquerade. Many years before such demands became commonplace, she not only demanded rigorous cleanliness and sound diet for the sick but also insisted on adequate living conditions and proper leisure for troops, prisoners, and others who came under her care. The Royal Army Medical College, Millbank, honoured her memory with the Barry room, containing a sketch of the doctor and other memorabilia, including a copy of her death certificate.

  SYDNEY BRANDON
  Sources I. Rae, The strange story of Dr. James Barry (1958) · J. Rose, The perfect gentleman (1977) · G. Thomas, earl of Albemarle, Fifty years of my life, 2 vols. (1876) · M. P. Russell, ‘James Barry: 1792(?)–1865’, Edinburgh Medical Journal, 3rd ser., 50 (1943), 558–-67 · R. C. Francis, ‘Can a woman do it better?’, Army Medical Services Magazine, 44 (Oct 1990), 207– · d. cert.
  Archives NL Scot. · Royal Army Medical Corps, Camberley, Surrey | TNA: PRO, WO 25/3899, 3910(G3), CO 48/97
  Likenesses E. Lear, caricature, c.1856, Royal Army Medical College, Millbank, London · photograph, c.1860, Royal Army Medical College, Millbank, London see illus.

  Sydney Brandon, ‘Barry, James (c.1799–-1865)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004

24. Мудрая Татьяна Алексеевна (Chrosvita@yandex.ru) 2015/07/22 16:38 [ответить]
  Тут много трепа и вообще не то, но про Барри для меня было новым.

  http://transalternativa.ru/viewtopic.php?t=1225

23. *Зарубин Александр 2015/07/20 09:57 [ответить]
  > > 22.Мудрая Татьяна Алексеевна
  >Если интересно, могу покопаться про женщин в армии. Их было немало, причём кавалерист-девицу упоминать не будем.

  Спасибо. Буду благодарен... Кстати, если не сложно - про донью Марину ничего нет ?

  >Кое-кто доживал до преклонных лет без вопроса о бритье, что как-то странно.
  Хмм. Свои, наверное, итак знали а чужим читался курс лекций о вреде любопытства ...

22. Мудрая Татьяна Алексеевна (Chrosvita@yandex.ru) 2015/07/19 14:51 [ответить]
Если интересно, могу покопаться про женщин в армии. Их было немало, причём кавалерист-девицу упоминать не будем. Кое-кто доживал до преклонных лет без вопроса о бритье, что как-то странно.

21. *Зарубин Александр 2015/02/15 21:40 [ответить]
  > > 20.Ковалевская Александра Викентьевна
  >Прочитала. Вы убедительны. Вы не юзаете избитые темы. Это многого стоит.

  Спасибо. Вещь получилась тяжёлая. Иногда у меня такие наговариваются, под плохое настроение. Меня тут стиль беспокоит - одна прямая речь, ни действия, ни описаний. Не стандарт.

20. *Ковалевская Александра Викентьевна (bod1kov@yandex.ru) 2015/02/15 18:02 [ответить]
Прочитала. Вы убедительны. Вы не юзаете избитые темы. Это многого стоит.

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