Коганицкий Григорий. The garbage utilization in the Sargasso Sea by waste-free and self-sufficiency technology Part 2

Part 1 - ENVIRONMENTAL IDEOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE PROJECT http://samlib.ru/k/koganickij_g_a/garbageutilization_1.shtml

Part 2 - PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY http://samlib.ru/k/koganickij_g_a/garbageutilization_2.shtml

Part 3 - TECHNICAL BASIS OF THE PROJECT http://samlib.ru/k/koganickij_g_a/garbageutilization_3.shtml

Part 4 - WHAT WE PLAN AT THE INITIAL STAGE http://samlib.ru/k/koganickij_g_a/garbageutilization_4.shtml

Part 5 - COLLECTION AND PROCESSING OF GARBAGE IN THE COASTAL ZONE

http://samlib.ru/k/koganickij_g_a/collectionandprocessingpart_5.shtml

PART 6 - Addition to the part fifth - Design and technological features used the method of hot shotcrete technology

http://samlib.ru/editors/k/koganickij_g_a/garbageutilization_6.shtml

ALL INNOVATIONS DECLARED HERE ARE THE PROPERTY OF THE AUTHOR AND CANNOT BE USED WITHOUT HIS CONSENT.

Part 2 - PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY

Apparently, based on the requirements of the processing technology, the best option would be the simultaneous operation of two collectors - one collects a mixture of garbage and algae, and the second collects pure algae.

The unit for collecting and primary crushing of garbage consists of two aluminum blades in manner of the bulldozer type, located at an angle to each other.

There is a simplified rotating circular knife between them, swinging in a vertical plane.

Its purpose is to cut long pieces of plastic (nets, ropes, etc.) that can block the unit.

Multi-disc cutter-crushers, combined with suction rotary pumps are located on both sides of the blades.

In the figure above, the working blades are in the upper position, that need for collecting surface debris. The pulley winch that raises and lowers the blades is not shown on the figure.

The blades can be lowered by a winch and trawls the bottom for a given depth for collecting bottom or deep-sea debris. The immersion depth of the knives is selected according to the readings of the echo sounder.

The crusher consists of two parallel kits of coaxial discs that rotate towards each other.

When they rotate, the cutting teeth of one kit go inside the gaps of the other kit.

Pieces of garbage are sucked to the cutters of the crusher by the flow of water created by the pump and crushed. The shredded waste is sucked up by the pump and stuffed into collection bags. At the rear ends of the garbage collection bags there are is an unloading gates.

the assembly drawing of the crusher is simplified and its side cover is shown as transparent

Sectional view of crushing discs.

The filled collection bag is connected through the unloading gate to a big floating garbage collector having a volume of approximately 10-12 m³, which is pulled behind by the limitedly self-propelled raft.

Transferring is carried out through opened and connected gates between both collectors by the combined action of vacuum inside of a big floating garbage collector and water pressure produced by the collecting pump. If necessary, the filled big garbage collector is replaced with an empty one by means of a small fishing trawler plying between the settlement and the working collectors.

The trawler works together with the collector rafts and, at the same time, in the same region, it is harvesting krill for the village.

The trawler uses a 150 kW electric motor as its main propulsion unit that is powering from replaceable batteries for mine electric locomotives and it has as an addition resource a 50 kW auxiliary power plant powered by biofuel that is produced by the fermenters.

Waste collector having approximately a volume of 0-12 m³

The crushed waste from the collector is fed through hoses to the loading ports of the solar degrader.

Apparently, the best option would be to use two independent solar degraders - one, low-powered, operating on a short cycle with pure algae, for grinding them into a paste-like state and steam extraction of halogens from them; the second, increased power, operating on a multiple cycle, with addition to the process iodine and bromine which are extracted by first degrader, and works by repeating cycle until the complete thermochemical destruction of plastics.

The solar degrader consists of three independent sections arranged in series along on the same axis.

The first section is a screw feeder.

The second section is a paddle apparatus that grinds debris.

The third section is a photochemical reactor located at the focus of a parabolic mirror and it has transparent quartz sections. It is located inside of acrylic heat-insulating coating (greenhouse).

Each of sections rotated by an independent electric motor. The third section at both ends has the leakproof gate valves.

The third section is a photochemical reactor, located at the focus of a cylindrical parabolic mirror, with a solar power capture area about 12m².

This gives for heating for the mater located in this photochemical reactor, at 60% efficiency of converting solar energy into heat - 0.6 * 12 * 1 kWh - up to 7.2 kW * hour of solar energy per volume of the photochemical reactor.

This is quite enough to heat the processed wet paste up to 120*C, with at increasing internal pressure up to 2 ATI or dry ground paste up to 200*C.

The destruction of plastics is based on the bionic principle of repeated chewing a coarse fodder regurgitated by animals.

Coarsely ground mass that consists of a mixture of plastics and algae feeds as portion wise by the auger into the grinding apparatus.

When the first portion is ground to the desired condition, the gate valves between the second and third sections open and the fresh portion that is fed by the screw pushes the ground mass into the photochemical reactor.

At the same time, from the degrader working with "pure algae" water having a high content of iodine and bromine is supplied into it.

After the temperature and pressure risen to a predetermined level, the intermediate gate opens again and part of the processed mass is squeezed backwards by steam into the rubbish grinder.

The cycle is repeated until a portion of the material completely destroyed by the action of temperature, active substances and ultraviolet.

After that, outlet gate of the third section opens and the resulting product is sent through pipes to the agricultural complex.

For clarity, part of the surfaces of the solar degrader is shown as transparent and the filling port on the bunker is not shown.

The final biological processing of the product that is obtained after the solar degrader is based on the ability of microorganisms and the tropical plant Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia) to absorb and assimilate conditionally harmful substances.

For the final processing of waste, are needed: fresh water, compressed air, the eichhornia plantations, an algae paste, purified from iodine and bromine; biological preparations.

To perform such processing, it is needed fermenters with cyclone separators, carbon filters and hydroponic tanks for Eichhornia growing.

At first, the matter from the solar degrader is feed into fermenters, and then, after a complete fermentation cycle and additional purification with carbon filters, transfer into tanks with Eichhornia.

Potentially harmful substances such as mercury and heavy metals are removed from the fermentation products by electrophoresis on carbon fiber wool filters.

The problem of fresh water is solved due to the evaporation of sea water in the solar evaporator bags and the condensation of fresh water from the unsaturated steam in the condenser bag cooled by means of cold bottom water.

REFERENCE DATA

In Sargasso sea - Surface water temperature is from 18 up to 23 RC in winter and it is from 26 up to 28*C in summer. Salinity varies from 36.5 to 37 %.

At the water horizon below 400 m, the temperature in the sea varies from 7*С up to 10*С.

Specific EVAPORATION from one square meter of an open water surface in this temperature is 99420 g/h / 300m² = 331.4 G/H"M2. For solar desalination system with heated water atomization with temperature of water in solar evaporator cavity > 70*С and forced cooling of condensate by means of deep water having temperature < 10*С - specific EVAPORATION is more than 500 G/H"M2.

Distiller belt having width 1.5m and length 15-20m during a light day of ten hours will give at least 100 liters from one distiller per day.

As an example, 20 distillers will give at least 2000 liters of technical fresh water per day.

If it will be necessary, the number of distillers can be easily increased.

The passive solar distiller consists of three coaxially interconnected plastic cylinders.

The main cylinder is made by transparent polyethylene. It has inside a perforated evaporator cylinder with black thermal insulation underneath. A condensing cylinder is welded to the main cylinder and inside it circulates cold water, supplied from 200-300 meters below by means of an airlift.

This figure shows a simplified diagram of a solar distiller, that does not show airlift, connectors, pumps of supply and the pump that spray water.

The distiller works as follows:

External sea water is fed into a perforated cylinder and heated by the sun to a temperature above 70*C.

When a predetermined temperature is reached, the circulation pump begins to take the heated water and spray it back into the cylinder space.

At the same time, the airlift begins to supply deep water with temperature below 10⁰ C into the cavity of the welded cylinder, which also has thermal insulation from below.

Technical, demineralized water condenses in the space between the cylinders, and it is pumped out for household needs.

The brine from the perforated cylinder is periodically discharged outside.

The main consumer of this technical, demineralized water is the eichhornia plantations, which grow in tall tanks and have, as an additional product, freshwater, herbivorous fish.

REFERENCE DATA

Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia)

The water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a large free-floating plant that inhabits in stationary or slow-moving warm waters of tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide.

Their rapid growth and high nitrogen content make "water hyacinths" a great source of bioenergy. In certain areas like India and Thailand, they are burned to create natural gas or fermented to derive ethanol. Many backyard gardeners have also found that water hyacinth ashes are particularly good fertilizer.

From one kilogram of dry Eichornia during methane fermentation, 374 liters of biogas are obtained.

The plant actively absorbs nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater and accumulates proteins, sugar and other useful components in its tissues, and at the same time, Eichornia has a low ability to absorb and accumulate mercury, cadmium, arsenic, zinc and other harmful metals.

Therefore, the Japanese use it as an additive in fish and animal feed.

In Mexico, fodder flour is prepared from Eichornia, which is very rich in protein.

The nutritional value of Eichornia in dry form is equal to that of oats.

Water hyacinths are one of the fastest growing aquatic plants and can quadruple in size and mass during single month.

The Eichhornia crassipes has efficiency for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28092006/

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323852313_Treatment_of_kitchen_wastewater_using_Eichhornia_crassipes

The agricultural raft is a standard working raft that is used for this floating settlement, in which some of the floats are replaced by high tanks passing through the entire body of the raft and designed to grow both eichhornia and freshwater fish.

Between the tall tanks, directly on the floats, fermenters with perforated lids are mounted, which serve as a floor for animals and through which, if the pH of the solution allows, eichhornia bushes grow.

Solar panels are installed along the longitudinal sides of the raft and wind generators provide minim necessary energy independence of the raft in critical conditions.

Under solar panels there are wooden lattice-beds for animals.

The floating raft has auxiliary wind generators for additional power supply into the general power grid in critical weather conditions and in windy weather.

Solar panels, lattice-loungers and an arched dome are not shown in this figure.

Fermenters are assembled in a chain of interconnected low tanks with perforated lids. All tanks are connected in series by a common water circulation and pipes for air supply and water aeration pass through them.

Lower tank that working as ramp and as fermenter

Air injectors are installed in the openings which connect every two tanks, providing internal (inside each tank) and through (through the entire chain of tanks) circulation and aeration of water.

The first tank in the chain is supplied by material from photo degraders and water with required PH.

From the last tank of the chain, water, previously purified and enriched with fermentation products, after passing through cyclone and carbon filters, is distributed to high tanks. On fermenters between the tall tanks are located places where animals are kept.

Injection's circulation pump of the fermentater

In the main floating settlement all surfaces, except of the roofs where the photo batteries are located, organized in a similar way.

Fragment of the plantation under the main dome

Fences and handrails are not shown in the figure

BRIEF COLLAGE OF DATA FOR THE BUSINESS JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT....

Elhornia (Eichhornia) and "lake rice" are growing in fresh water in tanks of agricultural rafts, and under them (with additional feeding with algal compound feed) "grass carp" and "silver carp" are bred

One square meter of hydroponic tank produces 200 kg of eichhornia per year. The total area for Eichornia planting is 400 m², therefore, the output of green mass per year is at least 80 tons

Using granular paste that consist of 30% algae supplement + 10 % of mineral supplements + 20% of granulated krill and fermented algae gives 1200 kg of food per one goat per year, it means that plantation of 400 м² gives possibility to feed 50-60 goats.

In fact, based on the optimal area required for one goat and the area of reclamation of trampled and eaten plantings it must be 2 m² + 2 m² = 4m² for one goat.

This allows to keep 25-30 dairy goats in each agricultural raft (10-12 tons of milk for processing on cheese per year) or to use eichhornia and feed based on it as food for freshwater fish, with usage as addition in food algae.

At the output, it can get up to 15-20 tons of freshwater fish fingerlings per year (adult fish can be feet with fermented and granulated algae and krill.)

For every 50 liters of water can contain from one to two kilograms of live fish. One high tank contains from 800 to 900 liters which is enough for 10 to 20 kg of live fish per tank. The raft has 15 tanks. It gives approximately 1500 kg of fish for sale and for domestic use per year from four rafts

Total volume of freshwater tanks in the perimeter of the village is 30,000 liters. It can give about 5 tons including fodder fish and about 3000 kg for sale per year, in total it will give, including fish on rafts about 3000-3500 kilograms of freshwater fish for sale.

In a big cage with water of reduced salinity located inside the perimeter, moonfish and tuna are bred. Moonfish is feed through nipple by usage of paste-like compound feed (by mince from krill, alchnornia and processed algae).

Some of this fish will be used as feed mince for tuna and some, will be sent out under order of gourmands, to sale.

Tuna is the main product. It feeds on by krill and by fryers of white carp and silver carp and by minced meat from freshwater fish and moonfish.

Perhaps, there will be a possibility for additional cultivation of baster, if he can live in water with such salinity (in the Caspian Sea, where it is endemic, the salinity level is quite close). Baster and tuna have different food preferences and could presumably be kept together.

The volume of the flexible fishpond with salt water is 31*31/13*12/15=8203 m³. It is possible to increase it in depth of the fishpond up to 25-30 meters (it is working depth for divers of an average level of training) with a doubling of the working volume.

Based on the assertion of researchers, calculated that for every 50 liters of water it is possible to keep up to 1-2 kilograms of live fish (total livestock (varietal + fodder). In such a case productivity of a flexible cage will be from 30 to 50 tons of varietal fish per year, and together with additional feeding of caught fingerlings (tuna) total productivity of a cage with salt water will be from 70 up to 120 ton fish per year for sale.

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Аннотация: What were the main mistakes of previous projects!? They did not consider the opportunities that gave the peculiarities of the Sargasso Sea and place of collection of garbage was far away from place of its utilization. Moreover, all the proposed projects were not only subsidized, with a high level of expenditure, but also provided for the removal and storage of garbage in countries adjacent to the Caribbean region. Considering that all of these are developing countries and they do not have a sufficient technological structure to dispose of such an amount of environmentally hazardous waste, this, in essence, was a continuation of colonial policy.

Коганицкий Григорий : другие произведения.

The garbage utilization in the Sargasso Sea by waste-free and self-sufficiency technology Part 2