// I apologize forcomputer translation. Unfortunately Iam unable toperforma professional translation //
HIBRID DRIVE OR TRANSFORMATION INTO HIBRID DRIVE!?
Why the question is put that way!?
Because in this trendy vehicles I didn't see a practical novelty of the idea and a workable, thought-out concept of its application.
All that appeared in the world press was reduced to multilevel of advertising jabber.
At first glance, the concept of such a hybrid car as a complete design is very attractive..
However, 9-10 thousand dollars difference between cost of the hybrid car which can become a serious headache for consumer, and a classic small car - as is already very impressive.
The next possible niche, which is declared as usage of the electric and hybrid vehicles - carrying out small distributions inside of a town.
This usage, too, is movement along the urban mode - start / stop in hard traffic and before "stop signs" between numerous intersections.
The next possible niche of the hybrid vehicles is its usage as heavy, trunk vehicles
My impression is, when "trucks" are going in the routine route, 80% of the time, its engine uses up to 40% of its power and it be an ideal mode for it during many hours, when auxiliary drive not needed.
In contrast, in a complex route, "truck" require from fifteen to the twenty switching of gear, for almost every ten minutes and the engine asks for additional 40-60 hp, furthermore, this is not done at the optimum rotary axis speed of engine.
To operate in this mode requires a very high technological and, therefore, a very expensive battery that can operate with a very rapid recharging and with a large number of work cycles.
Will it be adequate to 10-15% fuel economy - it's hard to say!?
What immediately caught my eyes when I looked through the materials?!
All the practical examples and the lovingly described ideas - it attempts to attach the legs to the steam locomotive!
Why?!
Performing of hybridization of engine module?
It is UNWANTED ... - Modern engine module is a complete and self-contained structure.
Create from scratch a new hybrid car!
Even worse ... at least - profitable.
Well, what remains?!
That the, by and large, for anyone is not especially interesting!
It is rear wheels of the front-wheel-drive car or wheels of the trailer of truck.
And, I mean just the rear wheels, not entire the back suspension brackets or trailer's rear bogies.
When such an understanding of the problem was defined, all fell into place.
We can take the standard front-wheel-drive runabout or minivan; a standard trailer of truck and change them standard rear wheels to "hybrid REPLACEMENT" without touching any RESPONSIBLE block.
Everything what are needed for such transformation can be put in the boot or in the case of truck can be installed on the frame.
Consider the variant of the minivan modernization.
I repeat, in any option of usage of the "hybrid replacement" , basic structure of modernized vehicle remains essentially unchanged.
This modification can be carried out by: the changing of the rear wheels by the use of the "hybrid replacements" ; installation of the battery which is capable provide approximately the ten work cycles per hour, of fifteen seconds each, for the electric motors working in maximum power mode; and installation of the control module.
The "wheel-replacement" is carried out as a standard wheel having a combined electric motor-generator that is mounted in its rim and one or two-stage (depending on the class of car) planetary gearbox.
Motor's stator is rigidly fixed on the rim, and the shaft of gear via amortized leash is connected with a spring board. (as possible and return scheme - the rotor is rigidly fixed to the rim)
What is the purpose of the planetary gear!?
If intensive braking is necessary, including action in time of a low speed movement, it switches from direct drive to overdrive, carries out a forced braking by means of usage an intensive working in the generator mode.
The simplest version of the management of such the single-stage gear box is a controlling of it by a brake pad usage.
The need for the double-stage gear can arise at that time when can be needed an extra adapting of an acceleration features of the "wheel-replacement" along the first and second stage of gear box with the peculiarities of the mechanical drive of vehicle.
In the case of two-stage planetary gear it is necessary to use one of variant of electromechanical controls to the second stage (for example - an electromagnetic clutch)
What is needed for harmonize of working control module of the "wheel-replacement" and system of minivan?!
In the simplest case, it can be the touch-sensitive jackets which cover the gas and brake pedals, and in the case of two-stage gear - the control module can be controlled by the car transmission or car computer.
How works this version of the "wheel-replacement"!?
In the simplest case we can consider three main modes -
Neutral state - when, due to the complete removal of voltage from the field coil, the motor-generator has almost no effect to the movement of car or it carry out a soft battery re-charging.
An acceleration condition - when the electrical motor works in parallel mode to the car transmission, optimizing acceleration capabilities of car and reducing fuel consumption along non-optimal operating conditions for its internal combustion engine.
The braking mode - when the braking of the car and energy recovery of battery can be provided.
Consider acceleration mode.
At the beginning of acceleration, when feet pushes to the touch-sensitive jacket of a gas pedal, both electric "wheel-replacement" are connected to the battery in parallel mode, and, depending on pressure to the pedal, acceleration is controlled by electrical means, through the field coil.
The interruption of the electrical circuit or transition of the planetary gear of electrical motor onto the intermediate stage is being carried out when the electric motor exceeds the maximum rotation speed.
Consider the braking mode.
In the braking mode, when feet pushes to the touch-sensitive jacket of the brakes pedal, the motor-generators of the "wheel-replacements" are switched into the series circuit with simultaneous polarity changing.
"Wheel-replacement" starts working in generator mode, slowing the car and transferring the converted kinetic energy into the battery.
Braking mode can be divided into two phases -
Recuperative mode - when car going by "coasting" or carry out the engine braking, reduce its speed up to the "desired for driver";
Intensive braking - when energy recovery is combined with an intensive decrease of speed and, if it is necessary, a complete stop can be executed.
The recuperative mode is starting by a feet touching to the touch-sensitive jacket of the brakes pedal and, depending on the degree of pressure on the pedal, is controlled by electrical means, through the field coil.
After increasing the degree of pressure on the pedal, above a certain threshold level, an intensive braking is beginning.
In an intensive braking mode, simultaneously with the feeding of maximum excitation to motor-generators of "wheel-replacement" , begin to moving the brakes' pads which simultaneously switched planetary gears into an overdrive stage.
Complete braking is carried out by the combined action of brake pads and the motor-generator operating in generator mode.
Slightly individually, between different vehicles in which "wheel-replacement" can be used, may be considered different "trucks".
The problem is that a recuperation properties, an acceleration characteristic, reliability and mean time between failures of the electric drive represents it as not the best option for heavy "trucks".
The electric drive considerably, especially in mode with numerous fifteen to twenty-seconds cycles, giving way for pneumatic gear, which uses a reversible air motor-compressor and big volume receiver.
The pneumatic gear is much more favorable for the "wheel-replacement", but there is one very big "but" - the so-called as problem of "frozen blonde"
What is the content of this problem?!
More precisely it contains two related problems.
When a pneumatic compressor works, water from air is condensed in the receiver; the temperature of a high-speed air motor during operation down to 10 - 15RC below than the temperature of air that is supplied to motor - As a result of that, the air-engine, during any stop, if an ambient temperature below 10RC, may be jammed and damaged by condensate freezing if needed procedures is not performed.
Technically, this problem can be resolved.
For instance - through the air heating with usage the engine exhaust gases (an additional this way greatly increases the efficiency and effectiveness of the drive) and the implementation of certain procedures for starting in cold weather.
Unfortunately, this type of drive requires a skilled driver and an operating in mode " "Blonde and Drive" is not desirable.
Otherwise, the scheme of the "wheel-replacement", using compressed air repeated the work of their electric version, the only differences are that in place of electrical motor the pneumatic component is used, and the batteries are replaced by two air tanks which are located on the frame of trailer.
Why I came to the decision of the hybrid vehicles with the position of the "wheel-replacement"!?
There are two related problems - user psychology and economics of use.
The first - the majority of users who already have a workable car, and furthermore the truck, hardly willing to pay serious money only for substitution of one car by another, when this changing promises only conjectural benefit.
Buying such a thing as an expensive vehicle, the consumers always, even in the most basic level, calculates the economic component of the purchase and they is able to estimate how an additional investment will be compensated by this new brand.
Based on the average consumption (for example - for minivan) 12 liters per 100 km, with the mode of operation of 100 km per day - the savings will be approximately $ 1,000 per year.
That means, that the difference of a cost of a traditional car and hybrid car will be paid off, if, without additional investments in the operation of the hybrid drive, it must be exploited at least 10 years.
That is not fully realistic.
As situation in the case of usage of the "wheel-replacement" offered above!?
Cost of kit for mini-car or the minivan will probably be between 1500-2500$.
Therefore, the set of minivan will cover the expenses approximately in three or four years of exploitation.
Moreover, the feature of an installation of the replacement suggests the possibility of assembling it into already used vehicle in format of lease.
Such operations of installation or dismantling of the replacements can be carried out within an hour.
On such terms, having a real opportunity to evaluate fuel economy and an improving of a "boosting characteristic" of the car, many owners of vehicles, which have a great "daily run" can choose way of rent or lease of replaceable motor-wheels installation which transforms their car into the hybrid vehicles.
In my judgment, the current market for these "replaceable motor-wheels", only for small cars and minivans can be several tens of millions kits.
