Аннотация: Belinsky - Dobrolyubov - Boborykin ... On the concept of "intelligentsia". An essay.
Belinsky - Dobrolyubov - Boborykin ... On the concept of "intelligentsia". An essay.
A new type of intelligentsia has appeared on the stage of history ... 'Look at the motley crowd ...: who are they? - Rudyy, the son of the court servant; Kalinin, the son of the merchant; Prilezhaev, the son of the office clerk; Lyulyushin and Panyutin, the sons of officials; Prokhorov, the son of the low rank officer; the general's illegitimate son Rosenkampf; Nosovich, the son of a poor priest; Shupov, the son of a poor nobleman.
These intellectuals, or, in the terminology of the sixties [of 19th century], "thinking proletarians", appeared on the stage of history under exceptional conditions, which their literary predecessors were completely ignorant of: in contrast to the Pechorins, Rudins, Alexanders Aduevs and other "extra people" of the era of romanticism ... " (Vladimir Shulyatikov. "Theorist of the intelligentsia" (about the novels of A. K. Scheller) - 'Kur'yer' ["Courier"], 1900, No. 239).
The beginning of the 19th century. Recently, in 1795, the Rzecz Pospolita was partitioned, and the Russian Empire was replenished with the East-Republican intelligentsia.
Yuri Lisianski is eager to fight. He takes Drake as an example and arranges sea races around the globe with Ivan Krusenstern. And he wins. But, in fact, he does not win, but Krusenstern wins. But Totleben, if he, even, was offended, then the offense was overcome by a rational approach to reality.
The same fervor as at Yuri Lisianski, if not greater, in Pavel Nakhimov. Nakhimov even gives money from his salary to the defenders of Sevastopol - many of them need money. Finances have been stolen.
Nakhimov is trying. He uses his knowledge, experience, reputation, and spends personal money. But it's all wasted.
Totleben stands up for Kibalchich: 'Gentlemen! Don't be a fools! Let Kibalchich work! As an expert in military affairs, I strongly advise you!" Totleben was not succeeded to defence Kibalchich.
Kibalchich not only failed to enrich Russian engineering thought with breakthroughs in the field of explosives. He was, in a sense, replaced by Nobel with his dynamite. Nobel's developments were very useful both in military affairs and in the construction of railways, including during the construction of the Great Siberian railway from central Russia to the shores of the Pacific Ocean. But, perhaps, in case if Kibalchich be alive, the Trans-Siberian Railway would have been built ten to twenty years earlier? And Russia would have won the Russo-Japanese War? And Prince Gagarin would have flown into space in 1941?
In general, with regard to explosives, Nobel came from abroad to replace Kibalchich.
But as for the theory of jet propulsion, no one from abroad could come. It was necessary to wait until Tsiolkovsky grows up, and when Dzerzhinsky, Krzhizhanovsky (as well as Krupskaya, Lunacharsky, Bonch-Bruyevich, Dolivo-Dobrovolsky ...) come, and later Sergei Korolev and Alexander Vasilevsky.
But while the proceedings with Kibalchich were going on, the energy of the East-Republican intelligentsia made itself felt.
Ivan Fedorovich Aleksandrovsky spent all his money on the invention of a submarine and was completely ruined. "Thank you" says Russian history to Ivan Aleksandrovsky .
Alexander Fedorovich Mozhaysky, using his own money, was no longer building a submarine, but an airplane [aircraft]. "Thank you" says Russian history to Alexander Mozhaysky.
Kibalchich, nevertheless, used not only his personal funds, but also the money of the organization. He invited Grinevitsky for practical testing.
At last, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky began space research. After Tsiolkovsky was allocated 400 rubles, General Nikolai Ruzsky was indignant.
While they were discussing the issue of allocating 400 rubles to Tsiolkovsky, they were a little distracted from Nikolai Garin-Mikhailovsky. So Garin was financially well-enforced, although he was engaged in a useful business - he was building the Great Siberian Railway. But all the same, Garin-Mikhailovsky died relatively early and in a strange way.
General Ruzsky did not succeed in winning the love of the people, but Bonch-Bruyevich together with Dzerzhinsky have dealt with the issue (maybe Krupskaya stood nearby, did not mind, indirectly supported). Tsiolkovsky was given a pension, and generally given the opportunity to work (although his age was already solid).
Somewhere along the way, Georgy Aleksandrovich Solomon (Isetsky) flashed through, organizing the first, unnoticed, Soviet Arctic expedition. That is, she was noticed, but - by the British. And Isetsky's friend Leonid Krasin (People's Commissar for Foreign Trade) once imperceptibly shook Isetsky's hand.
Tukhachevsky was out of favor, and Sergei Korolev was sent to Siberia.
Until the Wehrmacht with its staff culture, military traditions and the theory of the blitzkrieg reached Moscow, it was impossible to return Sergei Korolev.
But when German motorcyclists appeared in Khimki, on the outskirts of Moscow, it became clear that there was no way out, and Vasilevsky was, at last, appointed the Chief of the General Staff. After that, Korolev returned. And when Vasilevsky became Defense Minister, things went quickly and successfully for Korolev.
Nikita Sergeyevich came. The Wehrmacht was absent. But it was too late. The car had gained up speed.
Nikita Sergeyevich had to ride with Yuri Gagarin in the same automobile and to smile.
Of course, then they drained slowly [poured out, on the sly], but it took about fifty years. Tsiolkovsky, Dzerzhinsky, Krzhizhanovsky, Korolev and Vasilevsky managed to do so much (after Kibalchich).
But, nevertheless, the eccentrics who paid their own salaries to the defenders of Sevastopol, who for their money built submarines, airplanes and conducted space research - they almost disappeared ... They almost disappeared gradually ...
June 2, 2021 12:52
Translation from Russian into English: June 2, 2021 18:32
Владимир Владимирович Залесский 'Белинский - Добролюбов - Боборыкин ... О понятии 'интеллигенция'. Эссе'.