Аннотация: Fyodor Tyutchev, Alexander Benkendorff, Alexander Pushkin, Mikhail Lermontov. A historical essay.
Fyodor Tyutchev, Alexander Benkendorff, Alexander Pushkin, Mikhail Lermontov. A historical essay.
History has not preserved evidence of the effectiveness of Fyodor Tyutchev's activity, activity, which Alexander Benckendorff expected from him after the appearance the book by de Custine.
It seems that the means weren't allocated (for appropriate tasks). And there is no grounds to talk about any noticeable results.
And what is the role of Pushkin (1799-1837) and Lermontov (1814-1841) in the fate of Tyutchev?
This role is not very noticeable (at first glance), but very significant (in reality).
Tyutchev (1803 - 1873) was a talented and perceptive person. He intuitively learned from the events that happened to Pushkin and Lermontov, and lived 70 years filled with creativity, travel, romantic stories, job success and literary fame.
Tyutchev never insisted on the title of poet. The role of a secular person (secular lion) suited him perfectly. If high-ranking people and the public recognize him as a poet, then he has no objection.
The Nikolai's (tsarist) regime also drew lessons from the events with Pushkin and Lermontov.
The result of the events, occurred with Pushkin and Lermontov, was completely unexpected for the regime. And the regime needed a banner (symbol) of tolerance, culture and humanity. (After these two historical events, the regime - until 1917 - tried to take either a benevolent or neutral position towards cultural figures).
Who could become such a banner of humanity and tolerance? Nikolai Gogol? (If he would possessed more sociability and secular gloss ...).
(The name of Alexander Pushkin can be found in the biography of Fyodor Tyutchev - 24 of Tyutchev's poems were published by Pushkin in the Sovremennik magazine in 1836, but did a personal acquaintance take place? The names of Mikhail Lermontov and Nikolai Gogol are practically not found in the Tyutchev's biography. Tyutchev kept - consciously or by the will of circumstances - the distance from them?).
Tyutchev's relationship with the regime is filled with many mutual concessions and complimentary actions.
But Pushkin also wanted to live ... with his beloved wife and numerous children ...
And Mikhail Lermontov could not overstep his love for his grandmother and, - under the threat of being sent to the soldier's status, - during interrogation named the name of the comrade who have circulated Lermontov's verses about Pushkin ... This comrade was brought to justice ...
The role of a kind of symbol of tolerance, culture, humanity of the Nikolai's (tsarist) regime is not so bad ...
And besides Pushkin and Lermontov (with their histories) there was also Alexander Griboyedov (1795 - 1829).
At the beginning of 1829, Alexander Griboyedov died in Tehran, and Fyodor Tyutchev, the second secretary of the diplomatic mission, married Eleonore Peterson in Munich.
In the mysterious world of literature and public opinion, Tyutchev's glasses, reminiscent of Griboyedov's glasses, seemed to hint: "Do not believe some rumors about the role of the regime in the fate of Griboyedov - the regime treats Griboyedov very well ...".
Fyodor Tyutchev tried not to make trouble for himself and for the other people. He wrote beautiful poems about love, gracefully avoided troublesome and difficult assignments, acted as an intellectual sponsor of the regime (putting forward Slavophile ideas pleasant to the regime) ...
Tyutchev, in a sense, managed to overcome the Marquis de Custine, but in a relatively small territory and among a relatively small circle of people and in the limits of a relatively short period of time.
Fyodor Tyutchev lived his life as a relatively free and prosperous person ...
[MMСX. Alexander von Benckendorff, Dumas, Pushkin, de Custine. A historical essay. - April 11, 2021.].
April 13, 2021 08:26
Translation from Russian into English: April 13, 2021 09:39.
Владимир Владимирович Залесский 'Фёдор Тютчев, Александр Бенкендорф, Александр Пушкин, Михаил Лермонтов. Исторический очерк'.