Аннотация: The grandiose myth by Karamzin - Solzhenitsyn. Karamzin, Krzhizhanovsky, Gorky, Tvardovsky, Solzhenitsyn. Essay on the Europeanization of Russia.
The grandiose myth by Karamzin - Solzhenitsyn. Karamzin, Krzhizhanovsky, Gorky, Tvardovsky, Solzhenitsyn. Essay on the Europeanization of Russia.
Earlier we wrote: 'On the one hand, there was the Russian nobility, which, for natural reasons, did not like to remember the robbery after the partition of the Commonwealth, on the other hand, the social class of robbed, but dependent on the state, a formerly possessing, -and now a serving, - people. An unofficial, informal, unspoken secret public pact was drawn up - not to remember the Rzeczpospolita at all (and theft-robbery), to talk less about the merits of the gentry (members of szlachta) in the "new jobs", to create a veil, background of suspicion for the gentry (members of szlachta) (they are, of course, Russial citizens, but they are somehow not like that..., ...if something will happen? ...).". ([MCMXXIV.] A theft from szlachta; "Russians" and "Sovietish". A cultural discovery and an undisclosed cultural secret of Alexander Solzhenitsyn. A buff story. - December 28, 2020.).
Nikolai Karamzin and his "The History" laid the foundation for a grandiose historical myth that excludes an integral and worthy description of the role of the Russian intelligentsia of East-Republican origin in Russian history.
This myth comfortably placed in historical science and in the public consciousness of Russia.
Was Gorky a follower of this myth? Probably, if he was a follower of this myth, then to an extremely insignificant extent.
Thickening paint, Maxim Gorky wrote in his work "On the Russian peasantry" (1922): "The boundless plane, on which closely huddled wooden, thatched villages, has the poisonous property of devastating a person, sucking out his desires. The peasant will go out of the village, look into the void around him, and after a while he feels that this void has poured into his soul. Nowhere around you can see strong traces of labor and creativity. Landowners' estates? But there are few of them, and enemies live in them. Cities? But they are far away and not much more culturally significant than the village. Around - an endless plain, and in its center - an insignificant, small man, thrown on this boring land for hard labor. And a person is saturated with a feeling of indifference that kills the ability to think, remember what he has experienced, develop his ideas from experience! The historian of Russian culture, characterizing the peasantry, said about it: "A lot of superstitions and no ideas." (Source: Maxim Gorkiy. On the Russian peasantry. Publishing house I.P. Ladyzhnikov. Berlin, 1922. Wikiprojects: Wikipedia) [unofficial translation]
Alexander Solzhenitsyn expressed a completely different worldview. Pre-revolutionary Russia, in which the peasantry constituted about 95 percent of the population, seemed to him to be a society with honest, energetic people, firm morality, etc. It remains only to build a bridge, to pass the baton from pre-revolutionary Russia to post-Soviet Russia. And life will get better.
Maxim Gorky, being a man of practical experience and practical thought, after leaving Soviet Russia (on the advice of a friend, Lenin) to Europe, after a while, found that people (Stalin, Krzhizhanovsky, Dzerzhinsky ...) came to power; those persons set the goal of a none-voluntary Europeanization of Russia.
In fact, this forced Europeanization was a continuation of that partly forced, partly spontaneous, unplanned (without plan) Europeanization, which started after the beginning of the energetic activity of Peter I (let's call 1698) and after the entry into the Russian Empire of a part of the Commonwealth - with the European gentry (members of szlachta) (let's conditionally call 1795).
By February 1917, the Russian Empire had several lost wars (1853-1856, 1877-1878, 1904-1905), colossal difficulties on the fronts of the First World War and extremely unpleasant and extremely unsuccessful historical baggage in the form of centuries-old support of Prussia (Germany) by the dynasty Romanovs.
In certain political circles, a clear or vague opinion was formed that the subsequent Europeanization of Russia should be carried out by new (old) forces.
By whom?
Yes, by the same people who carried it out earlier - the East-Republicans. Krupskaya, Krzhizhanovsky, Dzerzhinsky, Lunacharsky, Bonch-Bruevich and others arrived up to the heights of power on Lenin's political locomotive engulfed in flames ...
Naturally, the concept of Russia's development, proposed by the brilliant Gleb Krzhizhanovsky, could not cover all aspects of Russian life. Maxim Gorky was actively involved in the none-voluntary Europeanization of the cultural sphere.
Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky was a product of the forced Europeanization of Russia.
"So after all, if not for the revolution, Isakovsky would not have been found! .. And who would I be, if not for the revolution? .."
But, the East-Republican Alexander Tvardovsky joined the ranks of the Russian intelligentsia only after his father's reintegration into the ranks of the one-house-owners [однодворцы] (after 1775 - already in the Russian Empire). Accordingly, Alexander Tvardovsky was close - unlike Maxim Gorky - to the views and feelings of the "muzhik" [peasant]. (Although he was from 'muzhiks', from one-house-owners [однодворцы], but nevertheless 'This is an affair not for a nobleman". ["The grain between millstones"]. His father Trifon Gordeevich used such a phrase?).
'I brought home two manuscripts - Anna Samoilovna brought them to me just before leaving, put them on the table. 'About what?' I ask. 'You will read it,' she replies mysteriously. This one is about a peasant. She knows, the cunning woman, my weakness. So I started with this one, about a peasant, ahead a sleeping, I think, I'll leaf through twenty pages ... "- Tvardovsky about the manuscript "One day of Ivan Denisovich "(Lyudmila Saraskina." Alexander Solzhenitsyn "). [unofficial translation]
So, the myth of Karamzin worked - now through Solzhenitsyn and through Tvardovsky ... And then through Nikita Khrushchev ...
The time has come when this myth was skillfully used by Yeltsin - June 12, 1990 - "Declaration of State Sovereignty of the RSFSR"! "To declare June 12 - the day of the adoption of the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian Federation - a public holiday of the Russian Federation"!
Oh, how well everyone lived in pre-revolutionary Russia! (Naturally, both the table of ranks of Peter the Great and the Europeanization, de facto carried out through the East-Republican gentry (members of szlachta) after 1775, remained outside the blissful picture ...).
We must recall the effective and moral, energetic, hardworking Russian peasants, an honest merchant word (Gorky has a description of large merchants - some sour image, no admiration). Let's remember the selfless Russian nobles (Stessel in Port Arthur? Members of the imperial family watching the battles during the 1877-1878 campaign - the terrible Balkan campaign painted by Vereshchagin?). (Nakhimov's meetings with the emperor's envoys during the 1853-1856 campaign are also curious, or Leskov's description of the psychology of a nobleman-officer-intendant who served during the Crimean War ...).
So, let's build a bridge, pass the baton from pre-revolutionary Russia to post-Soviet Russia.
Yeltsin is ready to help!
Yeltsin is ready, he will now destroy the Soviet past and will bring back the beautiful (pre-Soviet) Russian past.
Aleksandr Isaich has already spoken to him - both by phone and in person. And he explained everything to Yeltsin. So success is just around the corner.
Solzhenitsyn is a great force! Archipelago - it's ten millions? These are hundreds of thousands of supporters, millions of highly effective people. They, without a fetters of the regime, will show records in economic development, and will move science and culture forward?
One imperceptible gesture, a signal from Alexander Isaich, and hundreds of thousands, millions of hardened, disciplined, disinterested, highly effective people will raise Russia, will move Russia with giant strides into a wonderful future! The invisible network of Alexander Isaich's supporters covers Russia!
But Alexander Isaevich has long understood that he is not a politician, but a writer. It provides knowledge, but he not produces a useful organizational political efforts. He explains the difference between "Russian" and "Soviet", talks about the need to return to post-Soviet life all the good that was in pre-revolutionary Russia (for example, morality, hard work, patriotism, selflessness , loyalty to the merchant's word and many other positive phenomena).
At the same time, Alexander Isaevich brings to the readers the topic of Russian emigration. If anyone has read the book by Roman Gul, "Whites along Black [Way]" [книга Романа Гуля 'Белые по Чёрному'], then those readers have a question: a successful young man (emigrant), the wind blows his sails, and why does he not have much luck? Why is he sad and sad? Where are the Russian billionaire emigrants? Maybe Sikorsky - Sikorsky alone was so successful, but he was ... (Or maybe Igor Sikorsky was not the only one? (He founded the aviation company "Sikorsky Aero Engineering Corporation"). We do not possess a special knowledge about emigration ...).
It's a some strange fate of Kolchak? Why not organize a government on Sakhalin - like Taiwan? (Sakhalin - 76,600 square kilometers, Taiwan - 36,178 square kilometers).
Denikin. Let's leave aside the version about some huge losses among the Cossacks - especially among the Cossacks (how to check them today - these versions?). But why a special delegation from Denikin did not arrive to the United States - the delegation, which was invited to the United States, which was expected in the United States? Why did this delegation take shape for almost a year and then stay in Paris forever? What is a more easier matter: to form a delegation and get it to arrive in the United States or to win a civil war?
Moreover, this is Denikin - these are the very pre-revolutionary effective people from whom you need to pass the baton, build a bridge to post-Soviet Russia? (Wrangel, who replaced Denikin, canceled the delegation's trip to the United States).
A special attitude towards the Russian emigration is one of the important themes in the views of Solzhenitsyn.
The inhabitants of Soviet Russia are partly to blame afore, ere emigration, they should pin their hopes on it, learn something from the Russian emigration ...
Or maybe everything is simpler - without the emperor and without the Table of Ranks, without the riches of Siberia, which was mastered by Russian pioneers and Cossacks (free people), the lifestyle changes fundamentally?
Thus, the post-Soviet era began ...
Let's wait a little, be patient a little ... Alexander Isaich studied Russian history, prepared recommendations "How can we arrange Russia?"
As soon as the grandiose myth of Karamzin - Solzhenitsyn came to a complete exposure, Alexander Isaevich emphasized that he was always critical of himself, that he repented a lot, etc., after which, metaphorically speaking, he said goodbye to the disappointed public.
So it was not possible to build a bridge, to pass the baton from beautiful pre-revolutionary Russia to post-Soviet Russia.
The myth has remained a myth. Nikolai Karamzin, along with Emperor Alexander I, smile from the beautiful past.